The Story of Lance Dawes.

This post tells the story of my paternal 3rd cousin once removed, Lance Dawes  (1917 - 1943). 

Our common ancestors are:  James Hukins and Susannah Fullagar (my 3x great grandparents).

Lance Dawes - WW11 enlistment photo

Recently I've been doing a lot of research about the family tree members who fought in World War 11, and whilst it was very heartening to see that the majority of them made it home to their loved ones, I found a small group of men who tragically set off to serve overseas and never returned.  

The end of the line for this group occurred on foreign soil for all but one.  Four of the group had a burial place, but sadly, Lance Dawes did not.  This is his story:

Lance was born in the town of Murwillumbah, New South Wales, in 1917.  He was the fourth of six children born to Frederick Dawes and Susan Charlotte Timms.

Before the birth of Lance, his mother Susan had given birth to Audrey in 1912, Cecil in 1914 and Netta in 1915.   Then following the birth of Lance, Hazel was born in 1919 and Wilfred came along in 1922.

Records (his RAAF air crew application) show that Lance attended the Murwillumbah Primary School until the end of 1929.

  

Lance's name appeared on a list of primary school students who had qualified for entrance to the Murwillumbah High School, published in early 1930 in the newspaper, The Northern Star.  He then attended Murwillumbah High School from 1930 until May of 1932 when he turned 15.  

It appears that the family left Murwillumbah around this time, and moved further north to the area around Piggabeen, a town located in far north-eastern New South Wales, inland from Tweed Heads in the Tweed Shire.

Lance's father was a dairyman and established his own dairy farm in the area.   

Piggabeen had predominantly been a dairy farming town throughout the early 1900s, but by the time the Dawes family had re-located there, other industries had begun to flourish.  The rich volcanic soil in the region was particularly suitable for banana growing, and by the beginning of World War 11, Lance had a small farm of his own on which he grew bananas.

In October of 1940, Lance completed his application a an Airman with the Royal Australian Air Force.

In November of 1940, at the age of 23,  Lance submitted his application for air crew selection in the Royal Australian Air Force.  

Some of the details included on his application were his occupation (banana grower), sports and games he had played (cricket and tennis) and the fact that he had not completed an Intermediate or Junior Public Examination.  He had deferred his education after completing a term examination in April of 1932.

After sending off his application, there was a bit of a wait until Lance was actually called up to serve.

In the meantime, in May of 1941, Lance enrolled in the R.A.A.F. Reserve and was posted as Air Crew to Group V of the Reserve.  His Reserve Badge No. was 3524.

 

Then an item appeared in a local newspaper, dated September 27, 1841, stating that Lance "has received his call-up for the R.A.A.F. and will report for duty shortly".

Attestation papers completed in October of 1941

Enlistment Photo 1941

On the 12th of October 1941, at the age of 24, Lance travelled to the Recruiting Centre in Brisbane, Queensland and completed his attestation forms to enlist with the R.A.A.F.  

He was the first of the family to enlist for wartime service.   

Younger brother Wilfred enlisted with the RAAF just a couple of months later, in January of 1942, aged 19.  Older brother Cecil enlisted in April of 1942 with the CMF, aged 28.  

The photo below shows the three brothers - Wilfred on the left, Cecil in the middle, and Lance on the right.

Photo shared by Lorraine, a niece of all the brothers
Photo likely taken in early 1942.

There was quite a lengthy period of training ahead for Lance after his enlistment, from October of 1941 to August of 1942.

A list of Lance's postings from his war service record

Lance trained at 3 I.T.S. - No. 3 Initial Training School - at Sandgate in Brisbane, Queensland, towards the end of 1941. This initial training would have taken two months to complete. 

He was then mustered to 3 W.A.G.S. - 3 Wireless Air Gunner School - located at Maryborough, Queensland, in December of 1941.  There he completed the seven-month course that in peacetime would take at least two years!

In June of 1942, Lance was mustered to 1 B.A.G.S. - No 1 Bombing and Air Gunnery School - at Ballarat, and then almost a month later was mustered to 3 E.D. - No. 3 Embarkation Depot - at Kingaroy in Queensland.

In July of 1942 Lance, aged 25, married Edna Mavis Rylah, aged 20.   

A newspaper item published in the local newspaper gave quite a few details about their special day.

Lance and Edna were married at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Tweed Heads, New South Wales.  They were married for only seven months before tragedy struck.

It appears that they spent their honeymoon with Lance's parents in Piggabeen.  The newspaper item above, published at the beginning of August 1942, states that "Sergeant Lance Dawes ... and his wife" had been staying with Mr. and Mrs. F. Dawes of Piggabeen.

August 1942 was the month when Lance was posted to the 22nd Squadron, initially located at Richmond, New South Wales, but then moved to NEA Port Moresby in October of 1942.  So, less than two months after being in Piggabeen with his wife and parents, Lance was in New Guinea with the 22nd Squadron which was there to support Australian Army operations against the Japanese around Buna and Gona.  

Lance had graduated as a Wireless Air Gunner (WAG) in mid 1942 and the WAG's task was to protect his aircraft from enemy attack, whilst maintaining contact with the home base, and helping to navigate a course by means of radio direction finding.

He performed his first operational sortie in November of 1942, and went on to perform five more operational sorties over the next couple of months.  These six sorties totalled 12 hours flown as part of a 3-man crew.  Unfortunately, Lance's time in the skies was about to end.

In February of 1943 Lance was one of a 3-man crew flying a DB-7B Boston Mark 111 (Serial No: A28-21).  The pilot was George Trevelyan Smith and the other crew member with Lance was Sergeant Roderick Thomas Kerr.

On February 6 of 1943 their aircraft took off from 5 Mile Drome near Port Moresby on a mission against Salamaua.  

The aircraft was shot down into the sea 2 miles south east of Salamaua, New Guinea.  

All three crew members were declared "missing, believed killed" by the R.A.A.F. that day.

The R.A.A.F. report into the disappearance of the air crew stated that "reconnaissance from the air 5 minutes later revealed dinghy and debris but no trace of crew."  The report went on to state that the aircraft was "shot down in flames" and that the R.A.A.F. presumed it was either an "enemy fighter known to be concentrated in the immediate area at that time" or an "enemy aircraft from Salamaua".

An item appeared in a local newspaper, the Tweed Daily, on the 20th of February 1943 that stated "Mrs. L. Dawes, of Piggabeen, has been advised that her husband Sgt. Lance Dawes, RAAF, is reported missing, believed dead, as the result of air operations in the North early this month."

So, it was two weeks after the event that the Piggabeen community became aware of the possible tragic loss of one of their own.

This is the official letter that Mavis received from the RAAF.

It was not until over a year later however, that an obituary appeared in the Tweed Daily newspaper.

Five months after that, in September of 1945, the Piggabeen community organised a remembrance service to honour twelve of their young men, including Lance, who had made the ultimate sacrifice for their country.

Unfortunately, there was no grave site or burial plot for Lance, and no tombstone for him.   His name and his service however were honoured in other ways.

Lance's name is inscribed on the Murwillumbah High School WW2 Roll of Honour Board in Murwillumbah, New South Wales.  

His name is also inscribed on the All Saints' Church's WW11 Roll of Honour Board in Murwillumbah, New South Wales.

There is a memorial plaque for Lance on the Roll of Honour Wall at the Australian War Memorial - Panel 101. 

Lance's name is also engraved on one of the bronze tablets at the Lae Memorial in New Guinea.  

This memorial commemorates more than 300 Australians who lost their lives whilst serving in New Guinea and have no known grave.

The Story of John (Jack) Browning / Memories ... March 8

This post tells the story of my paternal 1st cousin 3x removed, John (Jack) Browning  (1885 - 1917).

Our common ancestors are:  William Henry Browning and Anne (Nancy) Littlejohns.

I'm publishing this post on the anniversary of his passing.

 In Remembrance

(For my 'Family Anniversaries' page)

John (known as Jack) Browning

• John was born on the 4th of November 1885, on the family farm Rosehill, near Blakebrook, in the Northern Rivers region of  New South Wales.

• His first name was recorded as John on his birth certificate.  He was however more commonly known as Jack for most of his life.

• The names John and Jack were used interchangeably on various records throughout his lifetime, which made research quite difficult.  During this post I will combine the names and refer to him as John (Jack).

• According to the information recorded on John's (Jack's) birth certificate, he came into the world as the 11th child born to Joseph Edward Browning and Elizabeth (Eliza) Browning nee Wilson.

• There had apparently been seven children living when John (Jack) was born and three that had passed away.  I have only found records pertaining to nine children born before John (Jack) came into the world.  

• Those nine siblings and the two who were born after John (Jack) were:

         - Henry Joseph born in 1864

         - Mary was born in 1866 and tragically died that same year

         - Susanna born in 1867

         - Joseph born in 1870, but sadly died six years later

         - William born in 1873

         - Amelia born in 1875

         - Sarah Ann born in 1878

         - James born in 1881

         - Samuel Joseph born in 1883

         - Francis born in 1889

         - Robert Albert born in 1892

• Growing up on the family farm near Blakebrook amidst his siblings, John (Jack) not only learned the intricacies of farm life, but also the trade of a teamster, following in the footsteps of his father who plied that trade well into his 60s.  

• As a young adult, John (Jack) and his brothers Henry, Samuel, and William left the family farm and took charge of the family teamster business; work that was vital to the timber industry in the region.

• Teamsters had a team of either horses or bullocks and carried items/goods from one place to another for a living.  At that time, the timber industry was flourishing and was, by far, the most important industry in the district. John (Jack) and his brothers, like many teamsters in the area, obtained felled and sawn timber from the timber cutters, and hauled it to the sawmill in nearby Lismore.

• The 1913 Electoral Record shows that John (Jack), aged 28, was living in Nimbin, north of Lismore, in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales and his occupation was listed as 'teamster'.

• The following year bought news from overseas that was about to change the course of John's (Jack's) life significantly.  Mid-1914 saw the beginning of the global conflict known as The Great War.

• The outbreak of World War 1 prompted John (Jack) to answer the call of duty.  He enlisted on the 16th of November, 1915.

• John (Jack) enlisted under the name of Jack, not John, at the age of 30 (although his attestation papers listed him as 26 years old).

• After enlistment, John (Jack) was sent to training camp at Enoggera in Queensland where training lasted for several months.

• When friends discovered that John (Jack) would be given leave to spend the 1916 New Year with his parents, they organised an enormous farewell celebration.  A rather detailed account of this farewell was published in a Lismore newspaper after the event (and both names - John and Jack - were used in this account!).

• The article mentions that "in three days sufficient donations were received to enable (the) ... purchase (of) ... a handsome wristlet watch.  Invitations were issued, and fully sixty people availed themselves of the opportunity of attending this pleasant function, which was held in the spacious dining room, kindly lent by Mr. and Mrs. Jos. (Joseph) Browning, Sen. for the occasion."   So. the dining room of John's parents' home was decorated and turned into a function room for around sixty people.  It must have been a rather spacious room!

         It's also noted that around "33 members of the Browning family" attended! It sounds 

          to me as if it was a very close family and they took the chance to spend precious time 

          with John before he shipped off to fight overseas.

• The article goes on to state "The chairman spoke of the great respect and esteem in which the guest was held, and then called on Miss May Browning to fasten the watch on Jack's wrist."  I think the degree to which John was respected in the community was made clear in the last part of the article.  After the dancing and merriment ended around midnight, the chairman "called on all present to assemble together as he still had another pleasant duty to perform.  The residents of Blakebrook and districts had subscribed a very nice autograph album to be present by Private Browning to his parents as a keepsake.  Mr. Maher called on all present to sign their names in the book, and in a neat speech asked Jack to hand this book to his aged parents as a memento of the pleasant evening he had spent with parents and friends."

          What a deeply moving gesture!   

• During his training period, John (Jack) appears to have moved through various battalions, according to his active service record. 

• Soon after enlistment John (Jack) joined the 34th Battalion "D" Company.

• On February 2nd 1916 he moved to the 36th Battalion "A" Company.

• John (Jack) then moved to the 42nd Battalion "A" Company on the 16th of February 1916.

• He was taken on strength by the 42nd Battalion "A" Company of the 15th of April 1916.

HMAT A30 Borda  (photo taken 1916)
Description:  Troops on board HMAT Borda prior to departure, with well-wishers on the wharf 
holding paper streamers connecting them to the men on the ship.
Photo sourced from the Australian War Memorial website
Copyright expired - Public Domain

• After the completion of training at Thompson's Paddock Camp, at Enoggera Barracks in Queensland, John's (Jack's) unit embarked from Sydney, New South Wales, on board HMAT A30 Borda on the 5th of June 1916.

• John (Jack) disembarked at Southampton, England on the 23rd of July 1916.  There was a further training period in England at the Lark Hill training camp, on the Salisbury Plain, before he proceeded overseas to France on the 25th of November 1916.  By this time, John was 31 years old.

• In the trenches of France, John (Jack) became a member of a Lewis Gun Team, a crucial role in the evolving tactics of semi-open warfare.

A Lewis Gun Team on a duckboard trail 1917
Source:  Australian War Memorial
Copyright expired - Public Domain

From 'The Interplay between Technology, Tactics and Organisation in the First AID', Ross Mallett.  MA (Hons) Thesis, Australian Defence Force Academy 1999.  Chapter 4 'Semi-Open Warfare'

"Important tactical and organisational developments occurred over the winter (1916-1917).  One major tactical and organisational change was the organisation of the infantry.  ... the original allocation of Lewis guns of four per battalion was gradually increased to twelve at the of July 1916.  ... In December, enough Lewis guns became available to give each infantry battalion sixteen guns and BEF GHQ decided to allocate one to each platoon while still allowing for them to be pooled at company level if need be. 

 

A Lewis gun section (of a platoon) consisted of nine fully trained Lewis gunners, although there was only one Lewis gun.  The section leader was a sergeant or corporal.  He allotted fields of fire, arranged reliefs, and recorded ammunition expenditure and breakages.  Each squad had a gunner, the man who carried the gun into action and fired it.  ... An assistant stuck close to the gunner, ready to replace the gunner if he was hit and helping the gunner in any way possible with loading and breakages.  ... In action, the assistant lay beside the gunner ... From this position, he could also provide the gunner with moral support and take over more quickly if the gunner became a casualty. 

 

The rest of the team were riflemen doubling as ammunition carriers, scouts and observers.  Each rifleman carried 50 rounds of rifle ammunition.  One rifleman carried four to eight Lewis gun magazines and maintained close touch with the gunner and assistant, ready to replace the assistant if either the assistant or gunner became a casualty.  Two were lightly loaded scouts, moving ahead of the gun, locating targets and observing for the gun when necessary while the second scout could be used as a messenger when the gun was in position.  The remaining three were ammunition carriers with six magazines each."

•  Each Lewis Gun Team accounted for 1 Lewis gun and 2068 rounds of ammunition.

           No. 1, the man who fired the Lewis gun, carried the gun which weighed over 12                     kilos.

           No. 2, the loader, carried 4 magazines, a tool kit and spare parts.

           No. 3, the main ammo supplier / retriever, carried 4 magazines.

           Nos. 4 & 5 were scouts.

 

           Nos. 6, 7 & 8 were extra ammo suppliers and carried 12 magazines each.

           (Nos. 1 & 2 also had a pistol.  The others carried their full kit and a rifle.)

           This team-based system meant that the Lewis gunners were able to operate almost 

           as independent units, acting both in defensive positions within a trench or in               

           support of a raid on enemy tranches by giving covering fire from no-man's land. 

• John (Jack) was the No. 1 in his team, a position that required skill, courage and precision.

• Despite being wounded in action on the 2nd of February 1917, he remained on duty.  I have not yet found any details about the type of wound he suffered, and the family, who received this news via telegram on the 20th of February, were none the wiser either.

• Whilst John (Jack) had seemingly been fortunate in February, his fate took a tragic turn the following month. On the 8th of March 1917, John was killed in action near Armentieres, France.

• The Browning family, who had bid a heartfelt farewell to John just a few months earlier, received the devastating news of his sacrifice.

• A notice appeared in the local Lismore newspaper a couple of weeks later.  It mentioned Mrs. Roy Hancock, John's sister Sarah Ann, and Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Browning, John's parents.  Interestingly, the paragraph relating to Sarah Ann has John's name recorded as 'Jock', but then the following paragraph relating to John's parents has his name recorded as 'John'.  Perhaps he was also affectionately known to some as Jock!!

• A little gem that appeared in the same local newspaper a few months later was the publication of a letter received from Private Harley on the front line in France.  In this letter, Harley mentions the death of John (Jack):

"The river boys (meaning the Richmond River near Lismore) have been pretty lucky in our battalion so far, only one that I know of being killed, and that was Jack Browning, from Lismore, one of the biggest and best."

          Just another reminder of the esteem in which John was held by those who knew him.

•  The letter of sympathy written by Major A. R. Heron, on behalf of the Commandant of the 42nd Battalion, and sent to John's (Jack's) parents was published in the Lismore newspaper in May of 1917.  That letter presented information about the nature of John's (Jack's) death, which I did not find included in his war service record.

John was "killed instantly by a shell which hit him in the chest during a bombardment."

The words "He was a valuable man and was employed on a special branch of the service, which demanded coolness and courage in the face of great danger, a duty which he always performed very satisfactorily" speaks to the good character of this man.

 

• John (Jack) was buried at the Cite Bonjean Military Cemetery in Armentieres, France.

• His headstone can be found in Plot IV, Row F, Grave No. 7.

• John's (Jack's) name is also commemorated on the Wall of Honour at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.

         While visiting the War Memorial recently, I stopped at Panel 135 to pay my respects.

• John's (Jack's) name is commemorated in a couple of other places as well ....

• It appears on the front panel of the Nimbin District War Memorial in Nimbin, New South Wales.

Opening of the Nimbin District War Memorial on the 24th of May 1921
Photo sourced from the Virtual War Memorial website
(https://vwma.org.au/explore/memorials/8305)

• This memorial in Nimbin was unveiled in 1921, and I have no doubt some of his family were there that day and likely in the photo that was taken.

• John's (Jack's) name also appears on the Great War Wall of Honour at St. Mark's Anglican Church in Nimbin, in the Lismore Municipality.  You can see it top left in the photo above.

• John (Jack) was survived by both his parents(although his father passed away just eight months later, in November 1917) and all nine siblings who had survived into adulthood.

Northern Star Sat 8 Mar 1919 p. 8  Family Notices

• John (Jack) was obviously remembered with love and missed dearly as his family were placing notices in local newspapers on the anniversary of his death for a number of years. 

• One of John's (Jack's) siblings also enlisted and served in WW1.  His youngest brother, Robert Albert Browning, enlisted just a month after the death of John (Jack), in April of 1917. He headed overseas in August that year, but by April of 1918, Robert was reported as suffering with neurasthenia and identified for an early return home.  Whilst the war did not claim the life of this sibling, it left its mark on his emotional health, as was often the case.